Workers in STEM occupations experience lower rates of unemployment and higher salaries than those in non-STEM occupations, and employment in many STEM occupations is expected to grow. This major shift in the broad understanding of the STEM workforce more than doubles the number of workers classified as part of the STEM workforce by including 16 million workers with at least a bachelor’s degree and 20 million without a bachelor’s degree. As such, the STEM workforce described in this report includes occupations that have historically been known to require STEM skills and expertise (e.g., life sciences, physical sciences, engineering, mathematics and computer sciences, social sciences, and health care) as well as occupations that are not typically considered STEM fields but that do, in fact, require STEM skills (e.g., installation, maintenance and repair, construction trades, and production occupations). S&E enterprise and the increasing use of these skills across a broad range of occupations. The inclusion of the STW recognizes the importance of these workers in adapting and maintaining new processes and technologies that are integral to the U.S. S&E enterprise is positioned to meet the needs of and compete in an increasingly technologically advanced economy, both nationally and internationally.įor this cycle, the report integrates two major components of the STEM workforce: workers with a bachelor’s degree or higher and workers without a bachelor’s degree, also referred to as the skilled technical workforce (STW). The goal of this report is to provide information about the STEM workforce that enables insight into how the U.S. They fuel a nation’s innovative capacity through their work in research and development (R&D) and in other technologically advanced activities, collectively referred to as the science and engineering (S&E) enterprise. Individuals in the STEM workforce make important contributions to improving a nation’s living standards, economic growth, and global competitiveness.
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